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+# Theme System Guide
+
+**Project**: WorkRoot IT Solutions — Company Site
+**Date**: 2026-03-21
+**Author**: documentation-writer agent
+**Status**: Production-ready
+
+---
+
+## Table of Contents
+
+1. [Overview](#1-overview)
+2. [How Theme Selection Works (User Guide)](#2-how-theme-selection-works-user-guide)
+3. [Architecture & Implementation](#3-architecture--implementation)
+4. [Design Tokens Reference](#4-design-tokens-reference)
+5. [Developer Guide: Adding Theme Support to New Components](#5-developer-guide-adding-theme-support-to-new-components)
+6. [Maintaining Theme Consistency](#6-maintaining-theme-consistency)
+7. [Troubleshooting Guide](#7-troubleshooting-guide)
+8. [Accessibility & WCAG Compliance](#8-accessibility--wcag-compliance)
+9. [Performance Notes](#9-performance-notes)
+
+---
+
+## 1. Overview
+
+The site supports **dark and light themes** with:
+
+- Zero flash-of-unstyled-content (FOUC) — theme applies before first paint
+- Automatic detection of the OS/browser dark mode preference
+- Manual override persisted in `localStorage`
+- Automatic sync when the OS preference changes (if no manual override)
+- Full WCAG 2.1 AA/AAA contrast compliance in both themes
+- Screen reader announcements on theme change
+
+### Files Involved
+
+| File | Role |
+|------|------|
+| `src/styles/design-tokens.css` | Single source of truth for all color tokens |
+| `src/components/ThemeToggle.astro` | Toggle button component (sun/moon icons) |
+| `src/layouts/BaseLayout.astro` | Inline blocking script that prevents FOUC |
+| `src/styles/global.css` | Component classes that consume tokens |
+| `tailwind.config.mjs` | `dark:` variant configuration |
+
+---
+
+## 2. How Theme Selection Works (User Guide)
+
+### Automatic Detection
+
+When you first visit the site, the theme is set automatically based on your operating system or browser preference:
+
+- **macOS**: System Preferences → Appearance → Dark/Light
+- **Windows**: Settings → Personalization → Colors → Choose your color
+- **Android/iOS**: Display settings → Dark mode
+
+No action needed — the site matches your system setting out of the box.
+
+### Manual Toggle
+
+A **sun/moon icon button** in the navigation header lets you manually switch themes at any time:
+
+- **Moon icon** (shown in light mode) → click to enable dark mode
+- **Sun icon** (shown in dark mode) → click to return to light mode
+
+Your choice is **saved in your browser** (via `localStorage`) and will persist across page navigations and browser restarts on the same device.
+
+### Priority Order
+
+```
+1. Manual user choice (localStorage)   ← highest priority
+2. OS/browser system preference
+3. Light mode fallback                  ← default
+```
+
+### Resetting to System Default
+
+To go back to automatic system-based theming, clear your browser's site data for this domain:
+
+- **Chrome**: DevTools → Application → Storage → Clear site data
+- **Firefox**: DevTools → Storage → Local Storage → delete the `theme` key
+- **Safari**: Develop → Website Data → remove site entry
+
+---
+
+## 3. Architecture & Implementation
+
+### FOUC Prevention (Blocking Inline Script)
+
+The most critical piece — lives in `BaseLayout.astro` inside `<head>`, runs synchronously before any CSS or HTML renders:
+
+```html
+<head>
+  <script>
+    // Runs BEFORE page paint — prevents flash of wrong theme
+    (function() {
+      try {
+        const stored = localStorage.getItem('theme');
+        if (stored === 'dark' || (!stored && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches)) {
+          document.documentElement.classList.add('dark');
+        }
+      } catch(e) {}
+    })();
+  </script>
+  <!-- CSS loads here, already knowing which theme class is on <html> -->
+</head>
+```
+
+**Why inline?** An external script would require a round-trip to the server, causing a visible flash. The inline IIFE runs synchronously as the browser parses the HTML.
+
+### CSS Custom Properties (Semantic Tokens)
+
+Theme switching works entirely via CSS custom properties defined in `src/styles/design-tokens.css`. No JavaScript re-renders required.
+
+```css
+/* Light mode (default) */
+:root {
+  --color-surface: #f8fafc;
+  --color-text-primary: #1e293b;
+  --color-primary: #0891b2;  /* cyan */
+}
+
+/* Dark mode override — applied when html.dark exists */
+html.dark {
+  --color-surface: #0f172a;
+  --color-text-primary: #f1f5f9;
+  --color-primary: #22d3ee;  /* brighter cyan for dark bg */
+}
+```
+
+Components use semantic tokens, never raw color values:
+
+```css
+/* ✅ Correct — adapts to theme automatically */
+.card { background: var(--color-surface-raised); }
+
+/* ❌ Wrong — hardcoded, breaks in dark mode */
+.card { background: #ffffff; }
+```
+
+### Tailwind Dark Variant
+
+Tailwind classes with the `dark:` prefix apply when `html.dark` is present:
+
+```html
+<!-- Text is dark on light bg, light on dark bg -->
+<p class="text-secondary-700 dark:text-secondary-300">Content</p>
+
+<!-- Card adapts its background -->
+<div class="bg-white dark:bg-secondary-800 rounded-lg p-6">...</div>
+```
+
+The `dark:` variant is configured in `tailwind.config.mjs`:
+
+```javascript
+// tailwind.config.mjs
+export default {
+  darkMode: 'class',  // uses html.dark class (not media query)
+  // ...
+}
+```
+
+### ThemeToggle Component
+
+`src/components/ThemeToggle.astro` implements the interactive button.
+
+Key behaviors:
+
+1. **Multiple instances** — uses `data-theme-toggle` attribute + `querySelectorAll` to support both desktop and mobile nav toggles staying in sync
+2. **ARIA switch role** — `role="switch"` with `aria-checked` updated on each toggle
+3. **Live region** — `[data-theme-live]` announces "Dark mode enabled" / "Light mode enabled" to screen readers without interrupting reading flow
+4. **System preference listener** — `matchMedia.addEventListener('change')` updates theme automatically when OS preference changes (only if no manual override stored)
+5. **Theme-color meta** — updates `<meta name="theme-color">` so browser chrome (address bar) matches the theme
+
+### Theme State Machine
+
+```
+Initial load
+  │
+  ├─ localStorage === 'dark'  → apply dark
+  ├─ localStorage === 'light' → apply light
+  ├─ no localStorage + system dark → apply dark
+  └─ no localStorage + system light → apply light (default)
+
+User clicks toggle
+  │
+  ├─ add/remove html.dark class
+  ├─ save 'dark'/'light' to localStorage
+  ├─ update aria-checked on all [data-theme-toggle] buttons
+  ├─ update aria-label on all buttons
+  ├─ announce to [data-theme-live] live regions
+  └─ update all <meta name="theme-color"> tags
+
+OS preference changes (no localStorage)
+  │
+  ├─ toggle html.dark class
+  ├─ update all [data-theme-toggle] aria-label/aria-checked
+  └─ update <meta name="theme-color">
+```
+
+---
+
+## 4. Design Tokens Reference
+
+All tokens live in `src/styles/design-tokens.css`. The file follows a two-layer approach:
+
+1. **Primitive palette** (`--palette-*`) — Raw color scale values. Not used directly in components.
+2. **Semantic tokens** (`--color-*`) — Map primitives to intent. Use these in components.
+
+### Semantic Token Groups
+
+#### Surfaces (backgrounds)
+
+| Token | Light | Dark | Use Case |
+|-------|-------|------|----------|
+| `--color-surface` | `#f8fafc` | `#0f172a` | Page background |
+| `--color-surface-alt` | `#f1f5f9` | `#1e293b` | Subtle variant |
+| `--color-surface-raised` | `#ffffff` | `#1e293b` | Cards, modals |
+| `--color-surface-inset` | `#f1f5f9` | `#0f172a` | Inputs, code blocks |
+| `--color-surface-sunken` | `#e2e8f0` | `#080f1a` | Deeply inset areas |
+
+#### Text
+
+| Token | Light | Dark | WCAG |
+|-------|-------|------|------|
+| `--color-text-primary` | `#1e293b` | `#f1f5f9` | AAA (14.7:1 / 14.3:1) |
+| `--color-text-secondary` | `#475569` | `#cbd5e1` | AAA (6.6:1 / 9.2:1) |
+| `--color-text-muted` | `#64748b` | `#94a3b8` | AA (4.6:1 / 5.4:1) |
+| `--color-text-disabled` | `#94a3b8` | `#475569` | Decorative only |
+| `--color-text-inverse` | `#ffffff` | `#0f172a` | Text on opposite surface |
+| `--color-text-link` | `#0e7490` | `#22d3ee` | Interactive links |
+
+#### Brand / Primary (Cyan)
+
+| Token | Light | Dark |
+|-------|-------|------|
+| `--color-primary` | `#0891b2` | `#22d3ee` |
+| `--color-primary-dark` | `#0e7490` | `#67e8f9` |
+| `--color-primary-light` | `#22d3ee` | `#67e8f9` |
+| `--color-primary-subtle` | `#ecfeff` | `rgba(8,145,178,0.12)` |
+
+#### Borders
+
+| Token | Light | Dark |
+|-------|-------|------|
+| `--color-border` | `#e2e8f0` | `#334155` |
+| `--color-border-strong` | `#cbd5e1` | `#475569` |
+| `--color-border-focus` | `#22d3ee` | `#22d3ee` |
+
+#### Status Colors
+
+All status tokens follow the same pattern for both themes:
+
+```css
+--color-{status}           /* base */
+--color-{status}-text      /* text on light/dark surface */
+--color-{status}-subtle    /* very light/transparent background */
+--color-{status}-border    /* border color */
+```
+
+Statuses: `success`, `warning`, `error`, `info`
+
+### Component Shorthand Tokens
+
+Convenience aliases that keep component classes concise:
+
+```css
+--btn-primary-bg      /* button background */
+--btn-primary-text    /* button label */
+--btn-primary-hover   /* button hover state */
+--input-bg            /* form input background */
+--input-border        /* form input border */
+--card-bg             /* card background */
+--card-border         /* card border */
+--nav-bg              /* header/nav background */
+--nav-text            /* nav link text */
+```
+
+---
+
+## 5. Developer Guide: Adding Theme Support to New Components
+
+### Step 1: Use Semantic Tokens, Not Raw Colors
+
+```css
+/* ❌ Hardcoded — breaks in dark mode */
+.my-component {
+  background: #ffffff;
+  color: #1e293b;
+  border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
+}
+
+/* ✅ Semantic tokens — adapts automatically */
+.my-component {
+  background: var(--color-surface-raised);
+  color: var(--color-text-primary);
+  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
+}
+```
+
+### Step 2: Use Tailwind Dark Variants for Utility Classes
+
+```html
+<!-- ❌ Light-only -->
+<div class="bg-white text-slate-700 border-slate-200">
+
+<!-- ✅ Both themes -->
+<div class="bg-white dark:bg-secondary-800 text-secondary-700 dark:text-secondary-300 border-secondary-200 dark:border-secondary-700">
+```
+
+### Step 3: Test Icon and SVG Colors
+
+Icons using `currentColor` inherit from their parent's `color` property — they adapt automatically. Hardcoded `fill` or `stroke` values need dark variants:
+
+```html
+<!-- ✅ Inherits theme color via currentColor -->
+<svg class="text-primary dark:text-primary-400" fill="none" stroke="currentColor">
+
+<!-- ❌ Hardcoded fill — won't adapt -->
+<svg fill="#0891b2">
+```
+
+### Step 4: Handle Gradients and Decorative Backgrounds
+
+Hero sections use dark backgrounds that look fine in both themes. For sections that change between light/dark:
+
+```html
+<!-- Section that adapts -->
+<section class="bg-secondary-50 dark:bg-secondary-900 py-24">
+
+<!-- Hero — dark in both themes by design (uses its own gradient) -->
+<section class="bg-hero-dark py-32">
+```
+
+### Step 5: Forms — Use Token-Based Classes
+
+Form elements already have full dark-mode support via the `form-input` and `form-label` classes defined in `global.css`:
+
+```html
+<!-- These automatically adapt to both themes -->
+<label class="form-label" for="name">Name</label>
+<input class="form-input" id="name" type="text" />
+<span class="form-error">Required</span>
+```
+
+If you write a custom form element, mirror the token usage from `global.css`.
+
+### Step 6: New Astro Component Template
+
+```astro
+---
+// src/components/MyComponent.astro
+interface Props {
+  title: string;
+  variant?: 'default' | 'accent';
+}
+const { title, variant = 'default' } = Astro.props;
+---
+
+<div class:list={[
+  'rounded-lg p-6 border transition-colors duration-200',
+  'bg-white dark:bg-secondary-800',
+  'border-secondary-200 dark:border-secondary-700',
+  'text-secondary-700 dark:text-secondary-300',
+  variant === 'accent' && 'border-l-4 border-l-primary dark:border-l-primary-400'
+]}>
+  <h3 class="font-semibold text-secondary-800 dark:text-secondary-100">
+    {title}
+  </h3>
+  <slot />
+</div>
+
+<style>
+  /* Use CSS custom properties for values not expressible in Tailwind */
+  div {
+    box-shadow: var(--card-shadow);
+  }
+</style>
+```
+
+### Step 7: Verify Contrast
+
+Before shipping a new component, verify text contrast in both themes:
+
+**Tools:**
+- [WebAIM Contrast Checker](https://webaim.org/resources/contrastchecker/)
+- Chrome DevTools → Elements → Computed → contrast ratio badge
+- Lighthouse accessibility audit
+
+**Minimum requirements:**
+- Body text: **4.5:1** (AA)
+- Large text (18px+ / 14px+ bold): **3:1** (AA)
+- Target: **7:1** (AAA) for critical text
+
+All semantic text tokens in this design system already meet AA or AAA — use them and you're covered.
+
+---
+
+## 6. Maintaining Theme Consistency
+
+### The Golden Rules
+
+1. **Never use raw hex colors in components** — always use `var(--color-*)` or Tailwind semantic classes
+2. **Always add `dark:` variants** when using Tailwind utility classes for colors
+3. **Test in both themes** before committing new UI
+4. **Use the existing token names** — don't create new tokens unless there's a genuine gap
+
+### Checking for Theme Consistency Issues
+
+Quick visual review process:
+
+1. Open the site in a browser
+2. Toggle to dark mode using the header button
+3. Navigate all pages looking for:
+   - White text on white background (contrast failure)
+   - Very dark text on dark background (contrast failure)
+   - Colorful decorative elements that disappeared (hidden in dark)
+   - Form inputs that look broken
+4. Repeat with `prefers-reduced-motion` enabled in DevTools
+
+### Adding New Colors to the Token System
+
+1. Add the primitive to `src/styles/design-tokens.css` in the `:root` block:
+   ```css
+   --palette-brand-new-500: #ff6b6b;
+   ```
+
+2. Add the semantic token for both light and dark modes:
+   ```css
+   :root {
+     --color-brand-new: var(--palette-brand-new-500);
+   }
+   html.dark {
+     --color-brand-new: var(--palette-brand-new-400); /* adjust for dark bg */
+   }
+   ```
+
+3. Extend `tailwind.config.mjs` if you need Tailwind utility class support:
+   ```javascript
+   colors: {
+     'brand-new': {
+       400: '#ff8e8e',
+       500: '#ff6b6b',
+     }
+   }
+   ```
+
+4. Verify contrast in both themes before using.
+
+### Don't Repeat Design Token Values
+
+If you find yourself writing the same color value in multiple places, extract it to a token. Tokens are the single source of truth — changing a token value updates every component that uses it.
+
+---
+
+## 7. Troubleshooting Guide
+
+### Issue: Flash of wrong theme on page load (FOUC)
+
+**Symptoms**: Page briefly shows light mode before switching to dark (or vice versa).
+
+**Cause**: The inline blocking script in `BaseLayout.astro` is missing, disabled, or placed after CSS.
+
+**Fix**: Ensure the theme detection script is the **first** `<script>` tag in `<head>`, before any `<link>` stylesheet tags. It must be synchronous (no `defer`, no `async`).
+
+```html
+<head>
+  <!-- ✅ Script BEFORE stylesheets -->
+  <script>/* theme detection */</script>
+  <link rel="stylesheet" href="..." />
+</head>
+```
+
+---
+
+### Issue: Theme toggle button doesn't respond
+
+**Symptoms**: Clicking the sun/moon icon has no effect.
+
+**Diagnosis steps**:
+1. Open browser DevTools → Console. Look for JavaScript errors.
+2. Check that `[data-theme-toggle]` attribute exists on the button element.
+3. Confirm `initThemeToggles()` ran — add `console.log` after the function call.
+
+**Common causes**:
+- The button HTML was modified and `data-theme-toggle` attribute was removed
+- A JavaScript error elsewhere in `<script>` blocks prevented the file from executing
+- The component was added to a page that blocks inline scripts via CSP
+
+---
+
+### Issue: Theme preference not persisting across page loads
+
+**Symptoms**: Theme resets to system default on every page load.
+
+**Cause**: `localStorage` is unavailable (private browsing) or the key is being cleared.
+
+**Fix**: This is expected behavior in private/incognito mode. In regular browsing, check:
+```javascript
+// In browser console:
+localStorage.getItem('theme'); // should return 'dark' or 'light'
+```
+
+If it returns `null`, the write is failing silently. Check the `try/catch` around `localStorage.setItem` in `ThemeToggle.astro`.
+
+---
+
+### Issue: Dark mode colors look washed out or have poor contrast
+
+**Symptoms**: Text is hard to read in dark mode.
+
+**Cause**: Component is using hardcoded light-mode colors or Tailwind classes without `dark:` variants.
+
+**Diagnosis**:
+1. Inspect the element in DevTools
+2. Look for `color`, `background-color`, or `border-color` values that are **light** (near `#fff`) without `dark:` variants
+3. Search the component file for raw hex values like `#ffffff` or `white`
+
+**Fix**: Replace hardcoded values with semantic tokens or add `dark:` variants.
+
+---
+
+### Issue: Component looks correct in light mode but invisible in dark mode
+
+**Symptoms**: A card, badge, or section disappears or merges into the background in dark mode.
+
+**Common cause**: Background and text colors both resolving to dark values.
+
+**Example**:
+```html
+<!-- Both bg and text are dark — text invisible in dark mode -->
+<span class="bg-secondary-100 text-secondary-700">
+  <!-- dark:bg-secondary-100 is still nearly white, but there's no dark:text override -->
+</span>
+```
+
+**Fix**: Ensure both background and text have explicit `dark:` variants:
+```html
+<span class="bg-secondary-100 dark:bg-secondary-800 text-secondary-700 dark:text-secondary-200">
+```
+
+---
+
+### Issue: Icon colors not adapting to theme
+
+**Symptoms**: SVG icons remain the same color in both themes.
+
+**Cause**: Icon has a hardcoded `fill` or `stroke` attribute.
+
+**Fix**: Use `currentColor` and set color via Tailwind:
+```html
+<svg class="text-primary-600 dark:text-primary-400" fill="currentColor">
+  <path .../>
+</svg>
+```
+
+---
+
+### Issue: System preference change not detected
+
+**Symptoms**: Toggling OS dark mode doesn't update the site (only when no manual override).
+
+**Cause**: The `matchMedia` change listener in `ThemeToggle.astro` is not attached.
+
+**Check**: In browser console:
+```javascript
+window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches
+// toggle OS theme and check again
+```
+
+If the value changes but the site doesn't update, verify the event listener in `ThemeToggle.astro` is being registered (it may have errored before reaching that line).
+
+---
+
+### Issue: Screen reader doesn't announce theme changes
+
+**Symptoms**: Keyboard users toggle the theme but hear no announcement.
+
+**Cause**: The `[data-theme-live]` `<span role="status" aria-live="polite">` element is missing from the DOM, or its text content isn't being updated.
+
+**Fix**: Ensure `ThemeToggle.astro` is rendering the live region element, and that `announceThemeChange()` is calling `querySelectorAll('[data-theme-live]')` (not `querySelector`).
+
+---
+
+### Issue: Browser chrome (address bar) color doesn't match theme
+
+**Symptoms**: The browser's native UI (address bar, tab bar on mobile) stays one color regardless of theme.
+
+**Cause**: The `<meta name="theme-color">` tag isn't being updated by `applyTheme()`.
+
+**Check**: In browser console after toggling:
+```javascript
+document.querySelectorAll('meta[name="theme-color"]');
+// Check the content attribute value
+```
+
+The `applyTheme()` function should update all `meta[name="theme-color"]` elements to `#0f172a` (dark) or `#0891b2` (light).
+
+---
+
+## 8. Accessibility & WCAG Compliance
+
+### Contrast Ratios
+
+All text tokens meet **WCAG 2.1 AA** at minimum. Most meet **AAA**.
+
+| Token | Light Ratio | Dark Ratio | Level |
+|-------|-------------|------------|-------|
+| `--color-text-primary` | 14.7:1 | 14.3:1 | AAA |
+| `--color-text-secondary` | 6.6:1 | 9.2:1 | AAA |
+| `--color-text-muted` | 4.6:1 | 5.4:1 | AA |
+| Primary brand color | 4.5:1 | 9.1:1 | AA/AAA |
+| Accent (amber) | 3.0:1 | 11.5:1 | AA/AAA |
+
+### ARIA Implementation
+
+The theme toggle uses `role="switch"` (semantically correct for on/off controls) with:
+
+- `aria-checked="false"` in light mode, `"true"` in dark mode
+- `aria-label` updated on each toggle ("Switch to dark mode" / "Switch to light mode")
+- `aria-hidden="true"` on decorative SVG icons
+- `sr-only` live region for screen reader announcements
+- Visible focus ring (`focus:ring-2`) for keyboard navigation
+
+### Reduced Motion
+
+All theme transition animations respect `prefers-reduced-motion: reduce`:
+
+```css
+@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
+  .theme-toggle .sun-icon,
+  .theme-toggle .moon-icon {
+    transition: none !important;
+  }
+}
+```
+
+The icon swap still occurs — only the CSS transition animation is suppressed.
+
+---
+
+## 9. Performance Notes
+
+### Theme Initialization Cost
+
+The blocking inline script adds ~0.1ms to initial HTML parse time. This is negligible compared to a FOUC (visible flash), which would negatively impact Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) and user experience.
+
+### CSS Custom Properties
+
+CSS custom properties are resolved at paint time by the browser. Having two sets of tokens (`:root` and `html.dark`) doesn't duplicate CSS rules — the same property names are used, just with different values. This is a standard, well-optimized browser pattern.
+
+### No JavaScript Re-renders
+
+Theme switching updates a single class on `<html>`, which causes a CSS repaint. There is no JavaScript component tree re-render. The entire site can theme-switch in a single frame.
+
+### localStorage Access
+
+The `localStorage.getItem('theme')` call in the blocking script is synchronous and fast (~0.01ms). It's wrapped in a `try/catch` to handle private browsing mode without errors.
+
+### Bundle Impact
+
+The theme system adds:
+- `design-tokens.css`: ~8KB (unminified), ~3KB gzipped
+- `ThemeToggle.astro` inline script: ~1.5KB
+- BaseLayout blocking script: ~200 bytes
+
+Total theme system overhead: **~5KB gzipped** — minimal.
+
+---
+
+*Generated by documentation-writer agent on 2026-03-21. Update this guide when making changes to the theme system.*